Clones2

Indonesia
Indonesia has abundant named and recognised clones but only 15 have been released as superior national varieties by the Minister of Agriculture: - cv. Bokor, Kani, Otong, Perwira, Petruk, Si Dodol, Si Hijau, Si Japang, Si Mas, Sitokong, Siwirig, Sukun and Sunan.

Durian Ajimah
This variety comes from Pelaman Mabah, Kalimantan Barat. This variety is also known as “Durian Bung Karno” as this was one cultivar that the late President Sukarno liked most. This cultivar is found around Ciomas, Bogor. It bears globose, greyish-green fruit with large, sharp, widely spaced spines. The rind is thin. The aril is large, thick, pale yellow, dry, slightly fibrous, sweet and somewhat bitter. the seeds are small. Each fruit weighs 1.5-3 kg/fruit and exhibits uniform ripening.

(Sarwono, B. Trubus 308, July, 1995 pp.20-21)
This variety was classified as a superior national variety by the Agriculture Minister in 1995. The mother tree is about 100 years old and produces 150-200 fruits/year. The tree grows to a height of 35 m with a 20 m canopy and branching from 4 m high. The flowers buds are globose with 6-10 flowers in a cluster producing 1-3 fruits / cluster. The fruit is ellipsoid, light brown with short, conical widely-spaced spines. Each fruit weighs 6-8 kg and the fruit can easily be open. The rind is 1-1.5 cm thick. Each fruit bears 5 locules with 18-22 arils. The flesh weight is 2.5-3.75 kg, golden yellow, finetextured,
dry, sweet, delicious and aromatic. There are 14-22 seeds / fruit. The seed is ellipsoid and weighs 25 g.

Durian Bokor
This variety originated from Sukahaji, Majalengka, West Java and was released as a superior national variety in 1993. The large fruit weighs up to 4 kg/fruit, oblong,
yellowish-green, with medium thick rind (3-5 mm) and large, conical, widely spaced spines. The pulp is pale yellow, fine textured, smooth, medium thickness, sweet and odorous. There are 15-20 arils/locule and 10-20 seeds. Old tree yields 150-200 fruits/tree/year and the variety is tolerant to Phytophthora but susceptible to fruit borers.

Durian Bubur
This comes from Semarang near the district of Brongkol. The fruit is large, 4-5 kg/fruit, oblong to cylindrical, greenish -yellow, distinctly lobed with pointed closely
spaced spines and has small seed. It yields 300-400 fruits/tree/year.

(Sarwono, B., Trubus 308, July, 1995, p. 19)
This is a very productive variety with 800-1000 fruits per tree. The fruit is uniformly round and weighs 1.2 kg. The pulp flesh is bright yellow, thick, fine-textured, sweet,
sticky , smooth and mellow. Its aroma is mild and not pungent.

(Sarwono, B., Trubus 308, July, 1995, p. 18)
This variety originates from Desa Pesing, Kecamatan Sekayam, Kabupaten Saanggau, Kapuas. Very old trees bear 300-400 fruits/year. Each fruit weighs 1.5-3 kg with 3-5 filled locules. Each locule has 3-5 arils. Pulp weighs 0.8-1.8 kg and 95% of the seeds are small, flattened and shrunken. The flesh is yellow, fine-textured, dry, creamy, sweet and delicious with a fragrant aroma.

(Sarwono, B. ,Trubus 308, July, 1995, p. 18)
This variety originates from Desa Sejajah, Kacamatan Sanggau Ledo, Kabupaten Sambas. A 40 year old tree yields 200-300 fruits per year. Each fruit weighs 2-3 kg
with 5 locules bearing 15-19 arils, with 3 arils per locule. The seeds are very small. Flesh weight ranges from 0.7-1.4 kg, ie. 45% fruit weight The flesh is dark yellow, dry, fine textured, sweet, delicious and very aromatic like the chempedak.

This cultivar originates from Desa Sejajah, Kacamatan Sanggau Ledo, Kabupaten Sambas. the tree produces 200-300 fruits per year. Each fruit weighs 2.5-3 kg with 5 locules and 15-20 arils. The flesh weight is around 0.7-1.4 kg. and is dark yellow, fine-textured, dry, sweet, sticky, delicious, sweet and aromatic.

This variety comes from Kampung Cikakak, Desa Sukamaju, Sukabumi. The fruit is large weighing 4-7 kg, elongated, brownish-green with short, widely spaced spines. The rind is thin and can be easily opened. There are 4-5 arils/locule. The pulp is cream-coloured, slightly fibrous, sweet with an alcoholic taste. The seeds are
shrunken and flat. It yields 400 fruits/tree/year.

Durian Hepe
This variety is found in Jonggol, Bogor. The fruit is ovoid (egg-shaped), brownish-green with a thick rind and sharp, pointed closely packed spines. The pulp is thick,
dry, fibrous, bitter sweet and cream coloured. Each fruit weighs 1-2 kg and it produces 300-400 fruits/tree/year. The seeds are flat and shrunken.

(Sarwono, B. Trubus 308, July, 1995, p.21)
This a superior national clone that was registered by the Agriculture Minister in 1995. This cultivar comes from Kayutanam, Kalimantan Barat. The mother tree is about 60 years old and bears 150-200 fruits/year. The tree is about 30 m high and 20 m wide. It bears 1-4 fruits / cluster from the 8-12 flowers in each cluster. The fruit is elongated ellipsoid, yellowish-green, with sparse,conical spines and a rind of 1- 1.3 cm which can be opened with ease. Each fruit weighs 2- 3.5 kg. There are 5 locules producing 15-18 arils. Flesh weight is 0.6-1 kg, ie. 30% of total fruit weight. The flesh is golden yellow, thick 1.5 -2.5 cm, fine-textured,dry,delicious, sweet andaromatic. All seeds are shrunken, and flat, each weighing 5-8 g.

Durian Kamun
This clone is popular in the district of Banjarnegara. The fruit is oval, weighing 2-2.5 kg, with conical, closely spaced spines. The pulp is dry, creamy, sightly fibrous and bronze-yellow (golden- yellow), sweet and slightly odorous. The seeds are flat and shrunken.

Durian Kani
This is an adulterated name of Chanee cultivar from Thailand and was released as a superior national variety. The fruit is large, 2-4 kg, globose, brownish-yellow, with a thin rind and conical, closely packed spines. The pulp is thick, dry, creamy yellow and sweet. There are 5-18 arils/locule and 5-12 seeds per fruit. The seeds are small and oval seeds, It yields 20-50 fruits / tree/ year and is susceptible to Phytophthora and fruit borer. This variety exhibits early ripening/maturity.

Durian Kendil
This originates from Brongkol district, Semarang. The fruit is oblong - stand like a pot without rolling, five lobed with short, straight, sharp spines, The yellow flesh is sticky-sweet. Each fruit weighs 3-3.5 kg and the variety yields 50-70 fruits/tree/year.

(Jaya, U. Trubus 307, Jun 1995, pp. 22-23)
This seedling comes from Lenteng Agung -Jarkata Selatan. The fruit is small, 1.5-2 kg/fruit, oval to ellipsoid. The short spines are densely packed. The rind is thinner rind than Manalagi and green-coloured. The flesh is golden-yellow, thick, sweet with a tinge of bitterness, slightly fibrous, dry and strongly odorous. There are 1-2 wellformed arils/locule.

Durian Lambau
This comes from Desa Wadas. Kecamatan Bener, Purworejo, Central Java. The fruit is oblong, five-lobed, thick rind, brownish-yellow with dense conical, medium-length spines. The large, thick arils are yellow, dry , fibrous, sweet and strongly odorous, enclosing small seeds. It yields 30 fruits/tree/year.

Durian Lutung
This variety is grown in the district of Kendal. Fruit shape is not uniform - from oval to roughly globose. The greyish rind has large, densely packed spines. There are 1-4 arils/locule. The flesh is thick, firm, yellowish-ream, sweet with an alcoholic taste and a strong odour. Some seeds are flat. It produces 100 fruits/tree/year.

(Jaya, U.Trubus 307, Jun 1995, pp. 22-23)
This is from a seedling growing in Lenteng Agung -Jarkata Selatan. The fruit is round to oval, 2-2.5 kg/fruit, brownish-yellow, with short densely arranged spines and a thin rind which is easy to open. There are usually 2 large arils/locule. The flesh is thick, yellow, sweet, smooth, dry with a slight odour.

(Sarwono, B. Trubus 308, July, 1995 p.21)
A superior national clone registered by the Minister of Agriculture in 1995, originates from Nanga Pinoh, Kalimantan Barat. The mother tree is 50 years old and bears 200-350 fruits/year, reaching a height of 25 m and a spread of 20 m. Each flower cluster has 5-10 large round flower buds with red petals and reddish-yellow stigma. Each cluster produces 1-3 fruit. the fruits are ellipsoid, yellow with small sharp, conical dense spines. Each fruit weighs 0.9-1.5 kg. the rind is thin 0.9 cm and easily open. There are 5 locules with 14-17 arils. Flesh weight is 277-460 g, dark red, 0.5-1 cm thick, fine-texture, dry, sweet and odourless. the seed number 14-16, small and ellipsoid. The tree is resistant to fruit borers and root rot.

Durian Otong
This variety was introduced from Thailand and released as a superior national variety. It bears the adulterated name for the Thai Monthong. The fruit is oval shaped with tapering ends, yellowish-green with small, conical, densely packed spines. The yellow flesh is thick, dry, slightly creamy, very sweet, fine textured, and mildly
odorous. Each fruit bears 5-15 aril and 5-15 seeds, and weighs up to 4 kg. It yields 20-50 fruits/tree/year.

Durian Perwira
A superior national variety comes from Sinapeul, Majalengka and was released by the Minister of Agriculture in 1993. The fruit is round with thin green rind and large, conical, dense spines. The thick, yellow is dry, sweet and strongly odorous. There are 15-20 arils/fruit with same the number of ovoid seeds. Each fruit weighs 2-3 kg. It produces 200-300 fruits/tree/year. The variety is resistant to Phytophthora and fruit borer.

Durian Petruk
This variety is very popular originating from Randusari, Japara, Central Java, it was released as a superior national variety. The fruit is reverse ovoid shape, thin rind (3mm), yellowish-green with small, conical, dense spines. The yellow flesh is finetextured, soft, extremely sweet, not odorous and pungent There are 5-10 arils / fruit with 5-10 small, oblong seeds. each fruit weighs 1-1.5 kg. It yields, 50-150 fruits/tree/year. Petruk is relatively resistant to Phytophthora and fruit borer.

(Sarwono, B. Trubus 308, July, 1995, p.21)
Another superior national clone registered by the Agriculture Minister in 1995, it originates from Mabah, Kalimantan Barat. The 100 years old tree bears 150-200
fruits/year. Each cluster bears 3 fruits. The fruit is green and elongated with widely spaced, conical spines. The rind is 1-1.3 cm thick and easy to pry open. Each fruit
weighs 3.5-5 kg. The five locules contains 14-18 arils. The flesh makes up 1.5-2.5 kg and is golden-yellow, dry, fine-textured, sweet and delicious and aromatic. Well formed seeds number 10-15/fruit. They are ellipsoid and each seed weighs 23 g.

Durian Saleja
This is a major clone found in Desa Sukaya, Kecamatan Ciomas, Kabupaten Bogor. The fruit is oblong cylindrical with thick yellow flesh which is slightly fibrous and
slightly dry with a sweet alcoholic taste. the seeds are small.

(Sarwono, B. Trubus 308, July, 1995, p.21)
This is another superior national clone from Mabah, Kalimantan Barat that was classified by the Agriculture Minister in 1995. The mother tree is about 100 years old
and reaches a height of 25 m and has a canopy spread of 20 m. It bears globose, green fruit with widely-spaced, conical spines. Each fruit weighs 2.5-4 kg and is easy to open, the rind is 1- 1.3 cm. .There are 5 locules with 14-16 arils. Flesh weight is about 1.3-1.8 kg,yellow, fine-textured, dry, delicious, sweet and aromatic. There are 12-14 well-formed seeds. The seed is ellipsoid and weighs 22 g.

Durian Si Dodol
This is a superior national variety which originated from Karang Intan, Kalimantan Selatan. The fruit is round, five-lobed, yellowish-green with blunt, conical, dense
spines. The fruit is easy to open. The flesh is thick, golden-yellow, soft, fine-textured, sweet and delicious. It has 20-25 arils/fruit with 15-20 small, elongated seeds. Each fruit weighs 1.5-2.5 kg. The variety is resistant to Phytophthora and fruit borer.

Durian Si Hijau
Another superior national variety that comes from Kalimantan Selatan. The fruit is round, green, five-lobed with sharp, conical, dense spines. The fruit is easy to open. The golden-yellow flesh is soft, fine-textured, sweet, delicious and aromatic. Each fruit weighs 2-2.5 kg and each tree can bear 300-400 fruits/tree/year. The variety is resistant to Phytophthora and fruit borer.

Durian Si Japang
This is released as a superior national variety and comes from Awang Bangkal, Karang Intan, Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan. The fruit is elongated oblong, five-lobed, greenish -yellow with widely spaced, conical spines. The flesh is yellow-ivory dry, smooth, creamy and has a coconut taste. It is sweet and high in alcohol content and strongly odorous. Many of the small seed are shrunken and flat. Each fruit weighs 1.5-2.5 kg. It yields 300-600 fruits/tree/year and is resistant to Phytophthora and fruit borer.

Durian Si Mas
This variety originates from Rancamaya, Bogor, West Java and was released as a superior national variety. The fruit is oblong with tapering pointed stalk end, goldenyellow, 5-10 mm rind. the spines are pointed and dense. The golden-yellow flesh is thick, dry, creamy, fine-textured aromatic and very sweet. Each fruit has 20-35 arils and 20-30 seeds and weighs 1.5 - 2 kg. It yields 50-200 fruits/tree/year and is resistant to Phytophthora but susceptible to fruit borer.

Durian Si Mimang
This variety comes from the district of Banjarnegara. The fruit is oval, small and distinctly 4-5 lobed. The yellowish -green rind has blunt spines at the convex cheeks and conical spines at the convex ends and is difficult to open. The flesh is thick, fibrous, dry, yellow, strongly aromatic and taste of alcohol. Each fruit has 3-4
arils/locule and small oval seeds. It yields 400-500 fruits

Durian Siriwig
Released a superior national variety, this cultivar comes from Rajah Galuh, Majalengka. The fruit is ovoid, large, yellowish-green, five lobed with long, conical, widely spaced spines. Although the rind is thick (10-20 mm) it is relatively easy to open. The milk-white flesh is fine-textured, non-fibrous, medium thick, sweet and strongly aromatic. Each fruit has 13-15 arils and 10-15 seeds, and weighs 1.5-2 kg. It yields 100 fruits/tree/year and is resistant to Phytophthora and fruit borer.

Durian Sitokong
Released as a superior national variety, this cultivar comes from Ragunan, Pasarminggu, Jakarta. The fruit weighs 2-2.5 kg, oblong with yellowish-green rind which is 5-8 mm thick. The thick flesh is creamy, dry and strongly aromatic. Each fruit has 5-25 arils and small, oval seeds. The cultivar is resistant to Phytophthora but
not to fruit borers.

Durian Si Welaki
This cultivar originates from Banjarnegara around Benderan district, Punggelan, thus is often called “Durian Punggelan”. The fruit is roughly globose, distinctly lobed, with a greenish-brown rind and small, widely spaced spines. The thick, creamy, yellow, firm flesh is somewhat fibrous. The arils are less thick and not well arranged when compared with Sikirik but produces similar size fruit.

Durian Sukun
A superior national cultivar which comes from Gempolan, Karanganyar, Central Java. It has a thick rind > 10 mm, and small. conical spines. The flesh is yellowish-white,
thick, dry, creamy, soft, sweet and aromatic. There are 5-15 arils/fruit. Each locule has the same number of seeds as arils; the seeds are small and elongated. Each fruit weighs 2.5-3 kg. The cultivar yields 100-300 fruits and is resistant to Phytophthora and fruit borers.

Durian Sunan
A superior national clone which originates from Gendol Boyali Central Java. The fruit is reverse egg -shaped, brownish-green with conical, small, and widely spaced spines and a thin rind 5 mm which makes it easy to open. The thick, cream-coloured flesh is dry, creamy, fine-textured, very aromatic and sweet. There are 20-35 arils/fruit but only 1-2 well-formed, elongated and small seed. The average weight per fruit is 1.5- 2.5 kg. The tree produces 200-800 fruits/tree/year and is resistant to Phytophthora and fruit borers.

DES 806
The fruit is ellipsoid, weighs 2-4 kg, yellowish-green with a thick rind, medium length densely spaced spine and a short stalk. The flesh is yellow, sweet, very
glutinous with a slightly bitter taste. The fruit has 25% recovery edible portion.

Umali
This cultivar was selected from a seedling introduced from Thailand by the late Dean Umali of University of the Philippines at Los Banos (UPLB). The fruit is globose to elongated, 2-3 kg, yellowish-brown with golden yellow flesh. The recovery ratio is about 32% edible portion.

Thailand
More than 200 cultivars are known but only 60-80 are grown commercially. Depending on the scientific source, durian in Thailand are classified according to their
earliness to bearing from planting (Inthong, 1964) viz. early, medium and late, fruit maturity (Bamroongragsa and Yaacob, 1990) or lately according to the leaf and fruit characteristics (Hiranpradit et al., 1992a). Bamroongragsa and Yaacob (1990)classified the Thai varieties into early maturity, 103-105 days - Chanee, Gradum-tong and Lueng; medium maturity , 127-130 days - Monthong, Gob, Kan Yau; and late maturity, 140-150 days - Gumpan, Enak, Tong-yoi-chat. Hiranpradit et al.,(1992a) classified Thai varieties into 6 groups based on fruit and leaf parameters:

Monthong comprises 41% of the total durian area, Chanee 33% , Gaan Yaow 6 5%, Gradumtong 2% and the miscellaneous cultivars the rest (Alim, et al., 1994).
Most of the description of Thai cultivars are reported in Thai and scanty information is available in English (Hiranpradit et al., 1992a, Hiranpradit et al., 1992b) The
description below are also drawn from the author’s own personal notes and observation.

Kob
This cultivar is spelt “Gob” or “Kob” and has its own group, “Gob”. Gob means frog. The fruit is usually globose sightly compressed at the polar ends with a slight depression in the apical end, or lychee shaped. The peduncle is relatively short and thick, the rind is thin with long, recurved, sharp, densely packed spines. Each locule has 2-3 arils with pale yellow to yellow, thick, sweet, creamy pulp. Generally the fruit is small, 1-2 kg. and yellowish-green brown. It bears fruit 6-8 years after planting.

Monthong
This is the prima donna of Thai durian clones and the Thai name means “Golden pillow” in English or “Bantal Mas” in Malay. It produces large, elongated, oval-cylindrical, tapering at the stylar end ie. pronounced beak, lobed, yellowish-brown large fruit of 2-6 kg weight. The peduncle is thick and moderately long and the rind is thick and covered with sharp, pointed, small, conical, densely packed spines. Each fruit has 10-15 arils and many small, shrunken (aborted) seeds. Each locule has usually 3 large, thick, creamy, smooth, pale yellow arils. The pulp is mildly odorous and of excellent quality,
constituting more than 30% edible portion and has little physiological disorders This cultivar is extremely amenable for processing of preserved frozen pulps. It bears fruit after 8 years. Gumpun and Enak closely related cultivars in the same group. Its poor fruit characters include the coarse-texture flesh, the high flesh fibre and the flesh exhibit nonuniform ripening. It is susceptible to Phytophthora.

Chanee
“Chanee” means gibbon in Thai and belongs to the Luang cultivar group (Hiranpradit et al., 1992). This is an early variety which bears fruit 4-6 years after planting. The fruit is 2-4.5 kg, oval to broad cylindrical, lobed and greyish-brown. The peduncle is thick and moderately long, and the rind is brownish-yellow, thin with blunt, large, widely spaced spines. Each locule has 3-4 arils. The bright yellow pulp is thick, fine textured, firm, creamy, smooth, sweet and of excellent taste. The flesh exhibits uniform ripening. The inferior qualities include high flesh fibre, frequent physiological disorder, watery at full ripening stage, poor fruit setting and is it is
susceptible to Phytophthora and fruit borer.

Gaan Yaow
“Gaan Yaow” or “Kan Yau” means long stalk in Thai. The fruit is characterised by a long, thick peduncle of 10-14 cm. The fruit is lychee-shaped to globose, greyish-brown, rough with a moderately thick rind bearing short, sharp, straight, moderately dense spines. There are 3-4 large, thick arils per locule. The pulp is golden -yellow,
smooth, creamy, sweet with a pleasant aroma. This variety has little fruit physiological disorder, low flesh fibre and good fruit setting characteristic. Each fruit
weighs 2-4.5 kg. The inferior fruit characters include the large seed and the high number of seeds/fruit, high incidence of wet core, branch dieback, low Phytophthora
resistance and poor processing properties.

Gradumtung
“Gradumtong” or “Kradumtung” means golden button in Thai. This cultivar bears fruit 4-6 years after planting and is also an early season variety in Thailand, fruiting around March. It belongs to the miscellaneous group of Hiranpradit et al., (1992b). The fruit is large, 2-4 kg, oval and symmetrically or uniformly distinctly lobed (5). The rind is brownish-green, thin and bears short, sharp, densely packed spines. The fruit peduncle is moderately long. There are 3-4 large, thick arils/locule with yellow flesh.

Tongyoi
This cultivar is common but not as popular or as good as the ones described above and belongs to the Tongyoi group (Hiranpradit et al., 1992).. The fruit is heart-shaped or lychee-shaped, small 2-3 kg, brownish-grey -green with a very short, thick peduncle. The rind is thin and bears small, sharp, dense spines. The arils usually number three per locule and have pale yellow, thick pulp. It bears fruit 6-8 years after planting.

Australia
All the clones currently found in Australia have been introduced from south east Asia in the main by growers themselves and to a lesser extent by Department of Primary Industry in Queensland and NT Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries in the Northern Territory. Only a dozen or so have been evaluated when they came into bearing but most are being evaluated for adaptability and productivity. which is a slow process because of the long gestation period. Another problem is the erroneous identification of clones which may prove disastrous to the infant durian industry in Australia. Thus far, about 40 clones have been introduced into Australia including 7 Durio species eg:-.

From Malaysia
Ampung, Capri (MDUR 59), Chin, D 2 TE, D 2 SJRS,, D 7, D10, D 16, D 24 Ng, D24 Siah, D 24 CYK, D 96, D 99 TE, D 99 (Gob Siah),D 118 (Tembaga), D 120 (KK5 Manong), D 123 (Chanee), D 140, D 143, D 144, D 145, D 160, D 163 (Hor Lor), D164 (Red Flesh), D168, D 175 (Red Prawn), D 178 (P 88), D 179 (P 99),D 186 (Nasi Kunyit), D 188 (MDUR 78), D 190 (MDUR 88), Eden 5, , Hew 1, Hew 2, Hew 3, Hew 4, Hew 5, Hew 6, Hew 7, Hew 9, KK 11, P 21, P 601, P 604, Permasuri, Sahom, TLK/YEAO, Taiping 1, XA


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